050325 　 「２１世紀のための原子力国際会議」（ＩＡＥＡ主催：パリ）の最終声明文

 

 

 

 

（http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Focus/NuclearPower/conf_statement220305.pdf）

International Ministerial Conference:''Nuclear Power for the 21st Century''
Paris, 21 and 22 March 2005

Final Statement

The International Conference on Nuclear Power for the 21st Century was held in Paris
on 21 and 22 March 2005, attended by Ministers, high-ranking officials and experts from 74
States and 10 international organizations. This Conference was organized by the International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in cooperation with the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the OECD,
and was hosted by the French Government. Its aim was to discuss future policies with respect
to nuclear power and, in particular, to examine and analyse the potential contribution of this
energy source to meeting energy needs of the century while respecting social concerns and
expectations.

Many views were expressed and in depth discussions took place during the Conference.
There was a broad convergence of views among participants on the following:
- Each State is free to define its national energy policy in accordance with its international
obligations;
- The availability of energy and access to it are essential to human development;
- The health of the planet's environment, including action to reduce air pollution and address
the risk of global climate change, is a serious concern that must be regarded as a priority by
all Governments;
- A diverse portfolio of energy sources will be needed in the 21st century to allow access to
sustainable energy and electricity resources in all regions of the world. Efforts will be needed
as well to improve energy efficiency, while limiting air pollution and greenhouse gas
emissions.

A wide range of different views were expressed. In this context, a vast majority of
participants affirmed that nuclear power can make a major contribution to meeting energy
needs and sustaining the world's development in the 21 st century, for a large number of both
developed and developing countries, taking into account the following:
- Nuclear power does not generate air pollution or greenhouse gas emissions;
- Nuclear power is a proven technology, which under many circumstances provides
competitively priced electricity to individuals, companies and the society, in comparison with
average energy prices from other sources, thus contributing to the competitiveness of the
economy;
- Nuclear power contributes to security of supply and to the stability of energy prices by
reducing exposure to fluctuations in the price of fossil materials;
- Nuclear power can also make a valuable contribution through the production of potable
water and hydrogen.
However, they recognized that the following conditions are required for nuclear power
to thrive:
- States must commit themselves to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, which
constitute a threat to international peace and security. In order to benefit from cooperation in
the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and related technologies in accordance with international
law, States should comply strictly with their commitments and international obligations,
including IAEA safeguards, and non proliferation objectives, and apply criteria for physical
protection and export control of nuclear material, equipment and technology, according to
their respective laws, that conform to international non-proliferation objectives and relevant
regimes. Particular vigilance should be exerted with regard to sensitive nuclear material,
equipment and technology with proliferation potential (e.g. enrichment, reprocessing), which
should not be exported to states that may seek to use them for weapons purposes;
- In order to maintain the highest nuclear safety levels, all States having or developing a
nuclear power programme should give due priority to nuclear safety, taking into account the
importance of international cooperation for the enhancement of nuclear safety;
- States must make the necessary arrangements to ensure the highest level of security of
nuclear material and facilities;
- Solutions exist for the safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste. The technical
solutions arising from research and development into high-level waste and long-lived low and
intermediate level waste, currently under way, should be implemented within the framework
of progressive national processes that address the expectations and concerns of citizens. States
have an obligation and responsibility to ensure appropriate options are provided for the
management and disposition of nuclear fuel and must ensure that using nuclear energy does
not create undue burdens or risks for future generations;
- International research and development programmes are currently carried out to develop
innovative nuclear systems aiming to provide increased benefits with respect to economy,
safety, waste management and non-proliferation. They can and should be oriented according
to sustainable development criteria, and provide answers to the needs and concerns of society,
taking into account the specific situation of each State.

The IAEA has an essential role to play in facilitating the development and use of
nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, in ensuring compliance with peaceful use undertakings,
in assisting States in maintaining high levels of safety and security, in fostering international
cooperation and in disseminating to the public information on nuclear energy. The OECD /
NEA also plays an important role with respect to nuclear energy by providing objective
analysis.