Prepared for discussion at the North Asia Symposium
(
by Professor Kumao Kaneko, Special Adviser
to JPPNW
=================================================================
The Preliminary
Draft of a
“Northeast Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free (Zone) Treaty”
1. Preamble: Basic objectives of the Treaty
- To
prevent further proliferation of nuclear weapons (and other weapons of mass
destruction) and missiles in the
- To
encourage progressive reduction and eventual elimination of nuclear weapons
(and other weapons
of mass destruction) and missiles from the region, while for the immediate
future, efforts will be concentrated on the prevention of nuclear war by
prohibiting the deployment, use or threat of use of nuclear weapons within the
region;
- Thus
contribute, more generally, to building confidence among the nations concerned
and maintaining peace in the region.
2. Participating States
The
members participating in the Treaty will be seven---three nuclear-weapon States
(
The
other declared nuclear-weapons States, i.e.,
3. The common obligations of the States Parties
- All
States Parties to the Treaty shall faithfully abide by their obligations under
international law, especially those of the United Nations Charter and the
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT).
-
They shall actively participate in internationally concerted efforts to prevent
nuclear proliferation and promote nuclear disarmament in
4.
Obligations of nuclear-weapon States
- Nuclear-weapon States
Parties to the Treaty shall not attack or threaten to attack any
non-nuclear-weapon States Parties to the Treaty and NPT with nuclear weapons
(and other weapons of mass destruction). [negative security assurance=NSA]
-
They shall not be the first country to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons
within the Zone. [no-first-use
commitment]
- They shall progressively dismantle all nuclear
weapons, both strategic and non-strategic, within the period of (ten years) from
the date of entry-into-force of this Treaty.
-
They shall not bring such nuclear weapons into the territories of a
- They
shall accept appropriate international inspection for verifying the compliance
of their obligations under this Treaty.
-
They shall not export nuclear weapons or missiles or the technologies thereof,
or assist other countries in acquiring such weapons or missiles or improving
such technologies.
5.
Obligations of non-nuclear-weapon States
- The non-nuclear-weapon
States Parties to the Treaty shall reaffirm their obligations under NPT not to
manufacture or acquire nuclear weapons under any circumstance.
- They shall also reaffirm
their obligations under NPT to accept international inspection (IAEA full-scope
safeguards including those under the Additional Protocol) to all nuclear
activities for civil purposes under their jurisdiction.
- They shall not develop or
deploy ballistic missiles/rockets for military purposes. Rockets for launching artificial satellites
for peaceful purposes may be launched only with advance notification given to
neighboring countries under appropriate regional/international mechanism.
- They shall give greater
transparency to their national nuclear power programs for civil purposes,
especially the national programs involving the use of plutonium, in order to
remove any doubt of other countries in the region.
6. Obligations of
consultation
- The States Parties to the
Treaty shall consult with one another in order to avoid any misunderstandings
or prevent any conflicts whenever such consultation is deemed necessary or is
requested by other parties concerned.
(Such consultation is deemed particularly necessary when the peaceful
use of outer space is at question, for instance the proposed NMD/TMD
programs.) Accordingly, they shall agree
to create an appropriate regional forum(s) for such consultation at the
earliest possible date.
7.
Process and timetable for establishing the
NEA-NWFZ
8.
NEA-NWFZ Treaty Agency
9.
Relations with relevant international bodies (
KEDO, IAEA, CTBTO, etc.)
10.
Relationship with existing mutual
security/defense arrangements
11.
Definitions of terms
12.
Ratification, accession, amendments, etc.
- The present treaty will come into force when all three
13.
Duration, Review conferences, etc.
- The Treaty will last indefinitely.
A State Party to the Treaty cannot withdraw from it.
14.
Settlement of disputes
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Notes:
1.
Detailed
explanations on these draft articles are intentionally omitted for the moment. A small international
working group, consisting of qualified experts both in the official and private
sectors, should be created at an early date to address these and other
technical issues, and work out more specific draft articles of the Treaty for
consideration by the regional governments.
2. The present paper has been prepared by Professor Kumao Kaneko for stimulating discussions at international symposia and seminars on the related subjects. This is not to be cited or quoted without the express permission of the author. It is kindly requested that any constructive comments or suggestions be directed to:
Professor Kumao Kaneko
President,
2-31-24 Daizawa, Setagaya-ku,
Tel/Fax: +81-3-3421-0210
E-mail: kkaneko@eagle.ocn.ne.jp
URL: http://www.eeecom.jp/